Scientific Name: Goniobranchus kuniei

Physical Description:

The Spotted Nudibranch, also known as the Blue Spotted Sea Slug, features a smooth, oval-shaped body that can grow up to about 7 centimeters (approximately 2.8 inches) in length. The body is predominantly white to pale blue, adorned with numerous dark blue or purple spots surrounded by a yellow ring. The edges of the mantle are highlighted with a bright yellow or orange border, which adds to its vivid appearance. This nudibranch has two prominent, retractable rhinophores (sensory organs) and a gill plume on its back, both of which are also brightly colored, typically matching the mantle's edge.

Habitat:

The Spotted Nudibranch is found in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, including areas like the Great Barrier Reef, the Philippines, and parts of the Indian Ocean. It inhabits coral reefs and rocky substrates, usually at depths ranging from the shallow subtidal zone down to about 30 meters (approximately 100 feet). These nudibranchs are often seen crawling on corals and sponges, which serve as their primary food sources.

Three Interesting Facts:

1. Aposematic Coloration: The bright and striking colors of the Spotted Nudibranch serve as a warning to potential predators about its toxicity. This type of coloration, known as aposematic coloration, indicates that the nudibranch is not palatable or may be harmful if ingested. This defense mechanism helps to protect the nudibranch from being eaten by predators.

2. Chemical Defenses: The Spotted Nudibranch obtains toxic compounds from the sponges it feeds on. These compounds are sequestered in the nudibranch's tissues, making it toxic to potential predators. This ability to assimilate and utilize sponge-derived toxins is a fascinating aspect of their biology and provides an effective chemical defense mechanism.

3. Reproductive Behavior: Like many other nudibranchs, Goniobranchus kuniei is hermaphroditic, meaning each individual possesses both male and female reproductive organs. During mating, two individuals will align side by side and exchange sperm. After fertilization, they lay ribbon-like egg masses on suitable substrates, ensuring the continuation of their species.